The foreign policy and the national security of this country are involved. The gravity of the situation which confronts the world today necessitates my appearance before a joint session of the Congress. The policy expressed in this speech, in particular Truman’s claim that “I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures,” soon became known as the “Truman Doctrine.” Available at “The Truman Doctrine and the Beginning of the Cold War,” Elsey Papers, Truman Library. Even the quality of American and Soviet kitchens and what that represented could be part of the debate.Ĭongressional Record, 80 th Congress, First Session, Document 171, 1–4. As the Cold War continued, it became a struggle not just between two political and military powers but between two ways of life or which of the two could better meet human needs. From the beginning, both containment and the Truman Doctrine had critics (see Walter Lippman’s The Cold War and Henry Wallace’s speech). Like containment, the Truman Doctrine became a fundamental part of America’s response to the confrontation with the Soviet Union. A manifestation of containment was the so-called Truman Doctrine announced by President Truman about a year after Kennan sent his response to Washington. X, became the basis for the policy of containment that in one way or another guided America’s actions toward the Soviet Union until the end of the Cold War. Quickly dubbed the “ Long Telegram,” its analysis and recommendations, along with a version that Kennan published in the journal Foreign Affairs under the pseudonym Mr. In response to a request from the State Department, in February 1946, George Kennan (1904–2005), the Chargé at the American Embassy in Moscow, sent a telegram that offered an explanation for Soviet actions. By late 1945 and early 1946, concern had already arisen about Soviet attitudes and actions in Europe. Allies during the Second World War, the United States and the Soviet Union fell out quickly once it ended.
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